منابع مشابه
Vesicles of toroidal topology.
We consider Quid vesicles of toroidal topology. Minimization of the curvature energy at fixed volume and area leads to three difterent branches of axisymmetric shapes. By using conformal transformations, we identify a large region of nonaxisymmetric shapes in the phase diagram. For vanishing spontaneous curvature, the ground state is twofold degenerate in this region and corresponds to zero pre...
متن کاملShape transformations of toroidal vesicles.
Morphologies of genus-1 and 2 toroidal vesicles are studied numerically by dynamically triangulated membrane models and experimentally by confocal laser microscopy. Our simulation results reproduce shape transformations observed in our experiments well. At large reduced volumes of the genus-1 vesicles, obtained vesicle shapes agree with the previous theoretical prediction, in which axisymmetric...
متن کاملTheoretical results on toroidal vesicles
According to a conjecture due to Wdlmore [5], the toroidal surface corresponding to the absolute minimum of the curvature ener©, is either an axisymmetric torus of aspect ratio
متن کاملFour-dimensional CDT with toroidal topology
3 + 1 dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) describe a quantum theory of fluctuating geometries without the introduction of a background geometry. If the topology of space is constrained to be that of a three-dimensional torus we show that the system will fluctuate around a dynamically formed background geometry which can be understood from a simple minisuperspace action which conta...
متن کاملShape Transformations of Free, Toroidal and Bound Vesicles
Shapes and shape transformations of vesicles are considered theoretically within the spontaneous curvature model for three cases. (i) For free vesicles, the whole phase diagram is presented which includes pear-shaped vesicles and a line of limit shapes related to budding. (ii) For toroidal vesicles, three branches of solutions with low energy are found. (iii) An extension of this model to the a...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physical Review Letters
سال: 1991
ISSN: 0031-9007
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.2404